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Objective:To investigate the occurrence of inadequate specimens of thyroid nodule fine needle non-aspiration cytology and its possible influencing factors.Methods:Clinical data of 1571 patients with FNAC of 1638 thyroid nodules were analyzed retrospectively, according to whether the FNAC specimen were adequate or not, all cases were divided into adequate group and inadequate group. The related influencing factors on inadequate specimen were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.Results:Inadequate specimens occurred in 301 of 1638 (18.4%) nodules. Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of overall specimen adequacy included operator experience ( P=0.00) , nodules size≤0.5 cm ( P=0.00) , eggshell calcification ( P=0.00) , and cystic ( P=0.00) . Excluding the impact of operator experience, the influencing factors of specimen adequacy included nodules size≤0.5 cm ( P=0.00) , eggshell calcification ( P=0.00) , and cystic ( P=0.00) . Conclusions:Operator experience, nodules size≤0.5 cm, cystic, together with eggshell calcification are influencing factors of specimen adequacy of fine needle non-aspiration cytology in thyroid nodules. For experienced operators, what restrict specimen adequacy is the limitation of FNAC technique. For inexperienced operators, what restrict specimen adequacy is operator’s experience.
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Objective:To explore the effect of neurolysis and tendon transplantation in functional reconstruction of the upper limb with severe thermal crush injury.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 12 patients with thermal crush injuries of the upper limb admitted to Changhai Hospital of Naval Medical University from January 2014 to December 2018. There were 9 males and 3 females, aged 22-54 years (mean, 38 years). The percentage of total body surface area (TBSA) burn ranged from 3% to 8% [(4.9±1.4)%], and wound depth was III degree. According to the damage condition of nerve/tendon and whether there was any dysfunction of the affected limb after wound healing, 12 patients received 2 to 4 times of neurolysis and tendon transplant-related surgeries, with an average surgery of 2.7 times. Among them, a total of 18 times of neurolysis were performed, including 7 times of radial neurolysis, 6 times of median nerve neurolysis and 5 times of ulnar neurolysis, and 14 times of tendon transplantation were done, including 6 times of anastomosis of superficial flexor tendon and long thumb extensor tendon, 5 times of tendon repair transplantation and 3 times of anastomosis of lateral wrist extensor tendon and long thumb extensor tendon. The time interval of each operation was 3-6 months [(4.5±1.0) months]. The Changhai pain ruler, disability of arm-shoulder-hand table (DASH) and joint activity assessment table were assessed before the first operation, 3 months and 6 months after the last operation.Results:All the patients were followed up for 6-12 months (mean, 9.2 months). The score of Changhai pain ruler in the affected limb improved from 3 (2, 3)points before surgery to 1 (0.5, 1)points 3 months after surgery and 1 (0, 1)points 6 months after surgery ( P<0.01). The score of DASH improved from (69.9±2.7) points before surgery to (35.1±1.7) points 3 months after surgery and (33.8±2.0) points 6 months after surgery ( P<0.01). The range of motion score was improved from (1.3±0.5) points before surgery to (2.4±0.5) points 3 months after surgery and (2.8±0.4) points 6 months after surgery ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Neurolysis and tendon transplantation in the treatment of severe thermal crush injuries of the upper limb can alleviate pain in the affected limbs, improve upper limb dysfunction, increase mobility of the palm and upper limb joints, and enhance the quality of life of the patients.
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Objective@#To analyze the disease burden of stroke and its health loss attributable to passive smoking in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu province.@*Methods@#Data were retrieved from the Chronic and Non-communicable Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance in Jiangsu in 2013 and the death registry system in Jiangsu. Combined with the method in Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD2016), the indicators, such as population attributable fraction (PAF) and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) for stroke due to passive smoking were calculated.@*Results@#In 2013, the mortality rate, age-standardized mortality rate, DALY and DALY rate of stroke in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu were 718.15/100 000, 439.28/100 000, 1 179 602 person years and 9 234.99/100 000, respectively. Year of life lost (YLL) accounted for 87.00% of the total DALY. The DALY and corresponding rate of stroke increased rapidly with age, and were higher in women (612 084 person years and 9 319.71/100 000, respectively) than those in men (567 518 person years and 9 145.33/100 000, respectively). The prevalence of passive smoking was 34.04% in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu. The PAF, attributable DALY, attributable DALY rate and its age- standardized rate of stroke due to passive smoking in people aged 60 years and over in Jiangsu were 3.88%, 45 769 person years, 358.12/100 000 and 920.64/100 000, respectively; and were also higher for men (4.35%, 24 687 person years, 397.82/100 000 and 515.30/100 000, respectively) than those for women (3.44%, 21 056 person years, 320.60/100 000, 405.34/100 000, respectively).@*Conclusions@#The disease burden of stroke was heavy in the elderly in Jiangsu, and passive smoking might have great influence on the disease burden of stroke. Prevention and control of stroke and passive smoking exposure should be taken actively to improve health for the elderly.
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Objective To estimate the dose-response relationship between sedentary behavior with mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 17786 type 2 diabetic patients were recruited as participants, who were included in National Basic Public Health Service in Changshu County of Suzhou City, Qinghe District and Huai'an District in Huai'an City of Jiangsu Province. Cox proportional hazards regression model and restricted cubic spline model were employed to estimate the dose-response relationship between sedentary behavior with all-cause and cause specific mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Results Among 78114.34 person-years of the fo1low-up, the median of follow-up time was 4 years, and 1285 deaths occurred during that period. Compared to patients with sedentary behavior≤2 h/d, the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of all-cause death associated with sedentary behavior levels of 3-4 h/d, 5-6 h/d, and≥7 h/d were 1.05(95％CI 0.92-1.20), 1.20(95％CI 1.03-1.42), and 1.39 (95％CI 1.16-1.65), respectively. Eevry increase of 1 h/d in sedentary behavior was associated with an increased hazard of death from cardiovascular disease(CVD) of 4％(HR=1.04, 95％CI 1.01-1.07) and from other causes of 6％( HR=1.06, 95％CI 1.03-1.09) . However, no significant association between sedentary behavior and malignant tumor death was found. The multivariable restrictive cubic spline regression indicated that the linear dose-response relationships were found between sedentary time with the all-cause, CVD cause, and other cause of mortality ( Non-linear test, P>0.05) . Conclusion Longer sedentary behavior could increase the risk of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Objective@#To analyze the attributable burden of smoking on the deaths of cardio-cerebral vascular diseases (CCVD) in inhabitants aged 30 years and above in Jiangsu Province.@*Methods@#Comparative risk assessment approach in Global Burden of Disease (GBD) was used with the data from Jiangsu Non-communicable Disease and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Death Monitoring Surveillance System in 2013, and population attributable fraction (PAF), years of life lost (YLL), work of potential years of life lost, index of life lost and life loss attributed to smoking were calculated.@*Results@#In 2013, there were 162 158 CCVD deaths aged 30 years and above in the surveillance areas of Jiangsu Province, of which 25 102 deaths were attributed to smoking (PAF: 15.48%, attributed mortality rate: 55.13/100 000). The YLL, work of potential years of life lost and index of life lost were 532 494 person years, 78 024 person years and 9.15 years respectively. The decline of life expectancy was 0.58 years. The PAF of CCVD attributed to smoking in male and female were 27.97% and 3.18%, respectively, and the mortality rate of cardio-cerebral diseases attributed to smoking in male and female were 100.13/100 000 and 11.27/100 000, respectively. The burden of ischemic heart disease and hemorrhagic stroke were most severe, with standardized YLL rate were 3.65‰ and 3.20‰, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Smoking caused a great burden of cardio-cerebral disease deaths in inhabitants in Jiangsu province.
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Objective: To analyze the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Jiangsu province in 2015. Methods: Based on the method and criteria of data quality control from the National Central Cancer Registry, data in 2015 from 42 cancer registries in Jiangsu were evaluated by the Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Data from 35 registries were qualified after assess-ment and accepted as pooled data. Stratified by urban-rural, gender, and age groups, the crude rates of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality, age-standardized incidence/mortality rates, age-specific incidence/mortality rates, cumulative incidence/mortality rate (0-74 years old), and truncated age-standardized incidence/mortality rate (35-64 years old) were calculated. The Chinese population census in 2000 and Segi's standard world population were used for age-standardized incidence/mortality rates. Results: The 35 cancer registries covered a population of 38,761,144 (15,168,594 in urban areas, 23,592,550 in rural areas) in Jiangsu province in 2015. The number of new cases of colorectal cancer were 11,051, with a crude incidence rate of 28.51/105. The age-standardized incidence rates by the Chinese Standard Population (ASRC) and World Standard Population (ASRW) were 15.43/105 and 15.20/105, respectively. The cu-mulative incidence rate (0-74 years old) was 1.81%, with a truncated age-standardized incidence rate (35-64 years old) of 23.71/105. The crude and ASRC incidence rates in urban areas were 33.87/105 and 18.44/105, respectively, whereas those in rural areas were 25.06/105 and 13.54/105, respectively. The number of deaths due to colorectal cancer was 5,436, with a crude mortality rate of 14.02/105. The ASRC, ASRW, cumulative (0-74 years old), and truncated (35-64 years old) mortality rates were 6.92/105, 6.81/105, 0.70%, and 8.08/105, respectively. The crude and ASRC mortality rates in urban areas were 16.57/105 and 8.27/105, respectively, whereas those in rural areas were 12.39/105 and 6.07/105, respectively. Conclusions: There remains a heavy burden of colorectal cancer in Jiangsu. The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer show a rising trend in Jiangsu in 2015. The burden and patterns of colorectal cancer show urban-rural differences. Preventative and control strategies should be implemented.
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Objective To quantify the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths that attributed to metabolic disorders in population aged ≥25 years in Jiangsu province.Methods The data we used were from the following three sources:1) 2015 Jiangsu Chronic Disease Risk Factor and Nutrition Survey,2) death surveillance,3) results of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study,based on population attributable fractions (PAF),to analyze related parameters as mortality,years of life lost (YLL),life expectancy (LE) and premature mortality.Results Most people died from ischemic stroke (IS) showed the standard mortality as 87.48/100 000.High SBP appeared as the major cause on CVD deaths.PAF with high cholesterol and high BMI decreased along with the increase of age while high fasting plasma glucose increased.Deaths due to ischemic heart diseases,IS or hemorrhagic stroke that attributed to metabolism disorders would reduce the LE by 1.08,1.07 or 0.55 years,respectively.Males appeared to have higher YLL than females and were more likely to die from premature CVD,as the consequence of having metabolism disorders.Conclusions Blood pressure control should be considered an important approach to reduce the burden of CVD.According to the characteristics of gender-related risks and the distinct impact of age-related metabolism disorders on different CVD diseases,stratified strategies should be strengthened for comprehensive prevention and control of CVD,in Jiangsu province.
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Objective To quantify the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths that attributed to metabolic disorders in population aged ≥25 years in Jiangsu province.Methods The data we used were from the following three sources:1) 2015 Jiangsu Chronic Disease Risk Factor and Nutrition Survey,2) death surveillance,3) results of the 2016 Global Burden of Disease Study,based on population attributable fractions (PAF),to analyze related parameters as mortality,years of life lost (YLL),life expectancy (LE) and premature mortality.Results Most people died from ischemic stroke (IS) showed the standard mortality as 87.48/100 000.High SBP appeared as the major cause on CVD deaths.PAF with high cholesterol and high BMI decreased along with the increase of age while high fasting plasma glucose increased.Deaths due to ischemic heart diseases,IS or hemorrhagic stroke that attributed to metabolism disorders would reduce the LE by 1.08,1.07 or 0.55 years,respectively.Males appeared to have higher YLL than females and were more likely to die from premature CVD,as the consequence of having metabolism disorders.Conclusions Blood pressure control should be considered an important approach to reduce the burden of CVD.According to the characteristics of gender-related risks and the distinct impact of age-related metabolism disorders on different CVD diseases,stratified strategies should be strengthened for comprehensive prevention and control of CVD,in Jiangsu province.
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Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) concept combined with precise hepatectomy (EP) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods 393 HCC patients admitted to the Affiliated Provincia Hospital of Anhui Medical University were divided into group EP (n =73),precise hepatectomy group P (n =55),group ERAS (n =118) and conventional hepatectomy group C (n =147).Outcome measures were postoperative length of stay (LOS),hospital charges,postoperative complication,numerical rating scale (NRS) on postoperative 24 h,48 h,time to ambulation and first passage of flatus,readmission rate,mortality.Results Compared to group P,patients in group EP had significantly shorter postoperative LOS (F =4.573,P ＜ 0.05),less hospital charges(F =3.090,P ＜ 0.05),lower NRS on postoperative 24 h,48 h (F =5.235,7.456,P ＜ 0.05),shorter time to ambulation (x2 =41.387,P ＜ 0.05) and first passage of flatus (F =0.387,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the group ERAS,the group EP had significantly lower general postoperative complications (x2 =2.967,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion ERAS concept combined with precise hepatectomy could optimize surgical treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Objective@#To explore the effect of debridement combined with vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) on the treatment of severe infection in abdominal wall due to allogeneic umbilical cord embedded in abdominal wall for immunotherapy.@*Methods@#From January 2015 to December 2016, 12 patients with severe infection in abdominal wall due to allogeneic umbilical cord embedded in abdominal wall for immunotherapy were admitted to our department. They were conducted with systemic anti-infective treatment, local debridement, and VSD. The wounds were continuously washed for 3 to 5 days after the VSD device installed, with negative pressure value from -16.0 to -12.0 kPa. The VSD device was removed 5 to 7 days later. Continue wound dressing by aseptic ribbon gauze was stuffed in the cavity, and the incision was sutured after the granulation tissue grew well in the cavity.@*Results@#In all patients, allogeneic umbilical cords were completely removed and abdominal infection was cured. The wounds healed well, the sensory function of abdominal was normal, and the activity was not restricted. All the patients were followed up for 3 to 6 months with no reinfection or incisional hernia.@*Conclusions@#Embeding the whole allogeneic umbilical cord in abdominal wall for immunotherapy can lead to severe infection in abdominal wall. Abdominal infection can be cured by debridement combined with VSD with good clinical results.
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Objective@#To study the antiseptic effect of compound lysostaphin disinfectant and its preventive effect on infection of artificial dermis after graft on full-thickness skin defect wound in rats.@*Methods@#(1) Each one standard strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus were selected. Each 20 clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus were collected from those isolated from wound exudates of burn patients hospitalized in our wards from January 2014 to December 2016 according to the random number table. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of compound lysostaphin disinfectant to above-mentioned strains were detected. The experiment was repeated 3 times. Compared with the corresponding standard strain, the clinical strain with higher MIC and/or MBC was considered as having decreased sensitivity to the disinfectant. The percentage of strains of each of the three kinds of bacteria with decreased sensitivity was calculated. (2) Artificial dermis pieces were soaked in compound lysostaphin disinfectant for 5 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h, respectively, with 21 pieces at each time point. After standing for 0 (immediately), 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 h (with 3 pieces at each time point), respectively, the diameters of their inhibition zones to standard strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus were measured. The experiment was repeated 3 times. The shortest soaking time corresponding to the longest standing time, after which the disinfectant-soaked artificial dermis could form an effective inhibition zone (with diameter more than 7 mm), was the sufficient soaking time of the disinfectant to the artificial dermis. (3) Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into post injury day (PID) 3, 7, 14, and 21 sampling groups according to the random number table, with 10 rats in each group. A full-thickness skin defect wound with a diameter of 20 mm was made on both sides of the spine on the back of each rat. Immediately after injury, the artificial dermis without any treatment was grafted on the wound on left side of the spine (hereinafter referred to as control wound), while the sufficiently soaked artificial dermis with compound lysostaphin disinfectant was grafted on the wound on right side of the spine (hereinafter referred to as disinfectant wound). On PID 3, 7, 14, and 21, the gross condition of wounds of all the surviving rats was observed, and the new infection rates of control wounds and disinfectant wounds were calculated. Then, the rats in the sampling group with corresponding time were killed, and the full-thickness wound tissue containing artificial dermis was collected for quantitative analysis of bacteria. Bacteria content of the uninfected control wounds and that of the uninfected disinfectant wounds were compared. Data were processed with chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank sum test.@*Results@#(1) The MIC of compound lysostaphin disinfectant to standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii were 1/32, 1/32, and 1/512 of the original concentration of the disinfectant, respectively, and the MBC were 1/32, 1/16, and 1/512 of the original concentration of the disinfectant, respectively. The percentages of clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus with decreased sensitivity to compound lysostaphin disinfectant were 15% (3/20), 20% (4/20), and 10% (2/20), respectively. (2) After being soaked in compound lysostaphin disinfectant for 2 and 4 h, the longest standing time, after which the artificial dermis could form an effective inhibition zone against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, were 24, 36, and 48 h respectively, longer than 12, 24, and 24 h of soaking for 5 min and 24, 24, and 36 h of soaking for 1 h. The sufficient soaking time of compound lysostaphin disinfectant to artificial dermis was 2 h. (3) On PID 3, no infection symptom was observed in all the wounds, and so both the new infection rate of control wounds and that of disinfectant wounds were 0. The artificial dermis was transparent but not well connected with the wound. On PID 7, the new infection rate of control wounds was 20.00% (6/30), which was obviously higher than 3.33% (1/30) of disinfectant wounds, χ2=4.043, P<0.05. On the infected wound, a large amount of purulent exudates were observed, and the artificial dermis was not connected with the wound and degraded partially. On the uninfected wound, artificial dermis was transparent and had a partial connection with the wound. On PID 14 and 21, no new infected wound was observed, and so both the new infection rate of control wounds and that of disinfectant wounds were 0. There was no obvious improvement on the infected wounds. The collagen layers of artificial dermis in the uninfected wound established a good connection with the wound and were separating from the silica gel layer gradually. Infection occurred in 2, 3, 1 control wound (s) in PID 7, 14, and 21 sampling groups, respectively, and in 1 disinfectant wound in PID 14 sampling group. The bacteria content of the infected wounds tissue was 0.79×106 to 7.22×109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/g. The bacteria content of uninfected control wounds tissue in PID 3, 7, and 14 sampling groups were (3.43±1.88)×102, (2.37±0.43)×103, and (8.40±1.03)×103 CFU/g, respectively, which were significantly higher than (0.33±0.12)×102, (0.43±0.17)×103, (2.16±0.52)×103 CFU/g of uninfected disinfectant wounds tissue (Z=-3.780, -3.554, -3.334, P<0.05). The bacteria content of uninfected control wounds tissue and that of uninfected disinfectant wounds tissue in PID 21 sampling group were similar (Z=-0.490, P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#Compound lysostaphin disinfectant has quite strong antibacterial ability against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical strains of the three kinds of bacteria were highly sensitive to compound lysostaphin disinfectant. Saturation of absorption of compound lysostaphin disinfectant achieves in artificial dermis after 2 hours′ soaking. After 24, 36, and 48 hours′ standing, the soaked artificial dermis still has the antibacterial effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. The infection rate and the bacteria content of full-thickness skin defect wound in rats are all decreased when grafted with soaked artificial dermis.
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As a common complication in patients with sepsis, cardiac dysfunction may significantly increase mortality of these patients, but its mechanism is still unclear. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a pleiotropic transcription inducing factor, which involves in the regulation of multiple biological phenomena and disease status. NF-κB activation participates in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiomyocyte autophagy, and release of inflammatory cytokines in patients with sepsis, indicating its important role in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction.
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Objective@#To investigate the protective effects of caspase-1 inhibitor VX765 on gastric mucosa of mice with cold-restraint stress-induced acute gastric ulcer.@*Methods@#Twenty-four specific pathogen free male C57BL/6J mice were divided into normal control group (NC), cold restrain group (CR), VX765 pre-treatment+ cold restrain group (VCR), and rabeprazole pre-treatment+ cold restrain group (RCR) according to the random number table, with 6 mice in each group. Mice in group NC were injected intraperitoneally with solution of 10 mL/kg dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Mice in group CR were inflicted with acute gastric ulcer induced by cold-restraint stress 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of solution of DMSO and PBS. Mice in groups VCR and RCR were inflicted with acute gastric ulcer as above 30 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of solution of DMSO and PBS with dose of 12.5 μmol/kg containing 10 mg VX765 and 40 mg/kg containing 20 mg rabeprazole, respectively. Four hour after cold-restraint stress, serum content of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gross condition of gastric tissue was observed. Ulcer index was evaluated. Pathological change of gastric tissue was observed with HE staining. The relative expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and cleaved-caspase-1 in gastric tissue were detected by Western blotting. Mice in group NC were detected as above at the same time point. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.@*Results@#The serum content of TNF-α and IL-6 and the relative expression of cleaved-caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in gastric tissue of mice in group NC were significantly lower than those in group CR (with P values below 0.01). The content of the above-mentioned inflammatory indexes in serum and gastric tissue of mice in group VCR was significantly lower than that in group CR (with P values below 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in content of the above-mentioned inflammatory indexes in serum and gastric tissue of mice between groups RCR and CR (with P values above 0.05). The content of the above-mentioned inflammatory indexes in serum and gastric tissue of mice in group VCR was significantly lower than that in group RCR (with P values below 0.01). Surface of gastric mucosa was smooth and morphology of mucosal cells was normal with clear structure of mice in group NC. Multiple hemorrhage of gastric mucosa, disorderly arrangement of mucosal cells, and large number of inflammatory cell infiltration around necrotic tissue were observed in mice of group CR. Decreased number of gastric mucosa bleeding, intact mucosal structure, and small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration around necrotic tissue were observed in mice of groups VCR and RCR. The ulcer indexes of mice in groups NC, CR, VCR, and RCR were 0, 18.7±1.1, 6.3±1.5, and 8.2±1.3, respectively. The ulcer index of mice in group NC was significantly lower than that in the other 3 groups (with P values below 0.05). The ulcer indexes of mice in groups VCR and RCR were close (P>0.05), which were significantly lower than ulcer index of mice in group CR (with P values below 0.05).@*Conclusions@#VX765 can effectively inhibit the activation of caspase-1, reduce production of inflammatory factor, and alleviate inflammatory response, which have protective effects on gastric mucosa of mice with cold-restraint stress-induced acute gastric ulcer.
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Objective@#To establish 3-{4-[2-hydroxyl-(1-methylethylamino) propoxy] phenyl} propionic acid cetylesters (PAC) modified nanoparticles, and preliminarily explore its cardiomyocyte-targeting function and protection effects on myocardium.@*Methods@#(1) HL-1 myocardial cells were divided into cyanidin-3 (Cy3) marked non-targeted small interference RNA (Cy3-siNC) group and Cy3 marked small interference RNA designed for the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-p65 gene (Cy3-si435) group according to the random number table, with 3 wells in each group. Cells in Cy3-siNC group were transfected with Cy3-siNC, while cells in Cy3-si435 group were transfected with Cy3-si435. At transfection hour 24, the mRNA expression of NF-κB-p65 of cells was determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (2) Multiple emulsificating solvent evaporating method was adopted to prepare PAC modified nanoparticles carried with Cy3-siNC (Cy3-siNC-PAC) and PAC modified nanoparticles carried with Cy3-si435 (Cy3-si435-PAC). The morphology of Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles was observed with scanning electron microscope, and the size and potential of Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles were detected by nanometer particle size and zeta potential analyzer. The entrapment efficiency and drug loadings of Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticle were determined with ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The release of Cy3-si435 of Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles was determined by dialysis method. (3) Another batch of HL-1 cells were divided into 4 groups according to the random number table, with 9 wells in each group. Cells in negative control group were added with 5 μL phosphate buffer. Cells in 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles groups were added with 5 μL 25, 50, and 100 mg/mL Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles, respectively. At transfection hour 6, 12, and 24, proliferation activity of cells in 3 wells of each group was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method, respectively. (4) Another batch of HL-1 cells were cultured for 24 h, and then treated with 100 μL Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles. At transfection hour 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24, the percentage of cells uptaking Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles in 3 wells were detected by flow cytometry, respectively. (5) Another batch of HL-1 cells were divided into 2 groups according to the random number table, with 3 wells in each group. Cells in Cy3-siNC-PAC group were added with 100 μL Cy3-siNC-PAC nanoparticles, while cells in Cy3-si435-PAC group were added with 100 μL Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles. At transfection hour 24, the mRNA expression of NF-κB-p65 of cells was determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (6) Six male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 2 groups according to the random number table, with 3 mice in each group. Mice in Cy3-siNC-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group and Cy3-si435-LPS group were respectively injected with 500 μL Cy3-siNC-PAC nanoparticles and Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles (50 mg/mL) in the tail vein. At injection hour 24, mice in the two groups were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg LPS to induce myocardial injury. At post injury hour 24, the distribution of nanoparticles in mice was detected with small animal imager. (7) Another 9 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups according to the random number table, with 3 mice in each group. Mice in Cy3-siNC-normal saline (NS) group and Cy3-siNC-LPS group were injected with 500 μL 50 mg/mL Cy3-siNC-PAC nanoparticles in the tail vein, while mice in Cy3-si435-LPS group were injected with 500 μL 50 mg/mL Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles. At injection hour 24, mice in Cy3-siNC-NS group were intraperitoneally injected with NS, while mice in Cy3-siNC-LPS group and Cy3-si435-LPS group were injected with 10 mg/kg LPS to induce myocardial injury. At post injury hour 24, pathological changes of myocardium of mice in each group were observed with HE staining. Data were processed with t test and one-way analysis of variance.@*Results@#(1) The mRNA expression of NF-κB-p65 of cells in Cy3-si435 group was 0.183±0.004, significantly lower than 1.003±0.092 in Cy3-siNC group (t=15.46, P<0.01). (2) The form of prepared Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles was good, with particle size of 146.0 nm, potential of -29.2 mV, entrapment efficiency of (86.9±1.1) %, drug loadings of (25.4±0.9) %, and stable Cy3-si435 release. (3) At transfection hour 6, 12, and 24, there were no statistically significant differences in proliferation activity of cells in the 4 groups (with F values from 0.129 to 2.512, P values above 0.05). (4) At transfection hour 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24, the percentages of cells uptaking Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles were (0.79±0.06)%, (31.04±1.59)%, (51.64±2.67)%, (68.15±2.60)%, and (83.68±4.67)%, respectively. (5) The mRNA expression of NF-κB-p65 of cells in Cy3-si435-PAC group was 0.286±0.015, significantly lower than 1.002±0.073 in Cy3-siNC-PAC group (t=16.62, P<0.01). (6) At post injury hour 24, uniform distribution of nanoparticles could be observed in cardiomyocytes of mice in Cy3-siNC-LPS group and Cy3-si435-LPS group. (7) The structure of myocardial fibers of mice in Cy3-siNC-NS group was dense, with no inflammatory cells infiltration and uniform distribution of cytoplasm. The structure of myocardial fibers of mice in Cy3-siNC-LPS group were loose, with inflammatory cells infiltration and scattered distribution of cytoplasm. The structure of myocardial fibers of mice in Cy3-si435-LPS group was denser, with no obvious inflammatory cells infiltration and uniform distribution of cytoplasm.@*Conclusions@#Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles have good morphology, uniform particle size, normal potential distribution, and no cell cytotoxicity. Cy3-si435-PAC nanoparticles can be effectively uptaked by HL-1 cells and suppress NF-κB-p65 mRNA expression. They also can effectively target to mice cardiomyocytes to reduce inflammatory cells infiltration and alleviate the myocardial injury of mice induced by LPS.
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Objective@#To estimate the cancer incidence and mortality in Jiangsu, 2013.@*Methods@#Up to June 2016, registration data in 2013 from 35 cancer registries in Jiangsu was collected by Jiangsu Provincial Central Cancer Registry. All data were checked and evaluated by the method and criteria of data quality control making by the National Central Cancer Registry, data from 34 registries' data were eligible and accepted as pooled data. Stratified by urban and rural, gender, age and cancer site, crude incidence/mortality rate, age-specific incidence/mortality rate, age-standardized incidence/mortality rate by Chinese standard population, age-standardized incidence/mortality rate by world standard population, composition, cumulative incidence/mortality rate (0-74 age years old) and the 10 leading cancers were calculated. Cancer incidence and mortality were estimated by using provincial population of Jiangsu in 2013. Chinese population census in 2000 and World Segi's population were used to age-standardize incidence and mortality.@*Results@#All 34 cancer registries (10 in urban and 24 in rural areas) covered a total of 38 938 470 population (19 682 921 in males and 19 255 549 in females), accounted for 51.12% of whole provincial population in 2013. It was estimated that new cancer cases and cancer deaths were 232.6 thousands (136.7 thousands in males and 95.9 thousands in females) and 155.3 thousands (99.7 thousands in males and 55.6 thousands in females), respectively. The crude incidence rate in Jiangsu in 2013 was 305.22/100 000, age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 184.04/100 000 and 181.16/100 000, respectively, with cumulative incidence rate (0-74 age years old) of 21.38%. The crude mortality rate was 203.94/100 000, age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese standard population and by world standard population were 116.28/100 000 and 115.12/100 000, respectively, with cumulative mortality rate (0-74 age years old) of 13.11%. Cancers of lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, colorectum and female breast were the most common cancers in Jiangsu, accounting for about 71% of all new cancer cases in 2013. Lung cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer were the leading cause of cancer death, accounting for about 74% of all cancer deaths.@*Conclusion@#The crude incidence and mortality rate of cancer in Jiangsu Province were at a high level. For the most common cancers such as lung, esophagus, stomach, liver, colorectum and female breast cancer, effective prevention and control activities should be strengthened.
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Amniotic membrane has been used as wound dressing for more than 100 years. With the development of the preservation and preparation techniques, amniotic membrane is widely used in ophthalmology, burns, plastic surgery, dentistry, and neurosurgery. In recent years, as more and more amniotic membrane is used in chronic wounds, it will be a new treatment method for wounds. This paper is a brief review about advances in preparation and clinical application of amniotic membrane graft.
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Objective To explore the influencing factors of high risk osteoporosis (OP) population. Methods Using multi-stage cluster sampling method, 1 district was selected from each of the 6 cities randomly, then 3 communities were selected from each district randomly. Questionnaire investigation and physical examination were applied to community residents aged 40-69 years old. The questionnaire mainly included basic information, OP risk assessment (using the 1 minute test method developed by the International OP Foundation), health status and lifestyle information (recent 12 months). The relationship between high-risk groups and influencing factors was analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. Results Totally 6577 valid questionnaires were collected, 2069 were male (31.46％) and 4508 were female (68.54％). A total of 166 cases (2.52％) were found as self-reported OP patients at the age of 40-69, self-reported rate of male (1.55％) was lower than that of female (2.97％) (χ2=11.719, P5000 (OR=1.336) and BMI>24.00 (OR=1.322), they were all related to a increased proportion of high risk population. Conclusion The proportion of OP high-risk groups is higher among people aged 40-69. Gender, age, cultural level, occupation, bad health status and lifestyle changes are closely related to higher OP risk. Community residents OP screening should be continued to further study the risk factors of OP.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of infrared thermal therapy against pseudomonas ae-ruginosa infection on deep partial-thickness burn wound. Methods Forty-three patients in our hospital with main-ly deep partial-thickness burn wound from January 2015 to October 2016 were randomly enrolled to the treatment group(TG,treated with sulfadiazine silver + infrared thermal therapy)and the control group(CG,treated with sulfadiazine silver only). Scores of wound exudation,positive rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa on wound,wound healing rate,wound healing time and overall evaluation of wound healing on the day of 0,3,7,14,21,28 after treatment were conventionally recorded. Adverse effects in TG and CG were also observed. Results (1)Age,sex and burn surface area of patients were found no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). (2)On the day of 3,7 and 14,wound exudation score of TG was significantly lower than that of CG(P<0.05);On the day of0,21 and 28,wound exudation score of the two groups were almost same.(3)Positive rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa between the two groups on the day of 7,14 and 21,TG was significantly lower than CG(P < 0.05). (4)Wound healing rate of TG on the day of 7,14 and 21 was higher than CG,which was statistically significant difference in the 2 groups(P<0.05);Wound healing time of TG patients[(21.1 ± 6.5)day]was significantly shorter than that of CG patients[(26.2 ± 6.5)day](P<0.05).(5)Overall evaluation of wound healing of TG was better than that of CG on the day 14 and 21(P<0.05). Conclusions Infrared thermal therapy could reduce the secretion of deep partial-thickness burn wound and effectively control pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Furthermore,infrared thermal therapy finally improved wound healing rate and shortenedwound healing time of burn wound.
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Objective To explore the effect of systemic low-level light therapy (LLLT) on early inflammatory response of severe burn rats.Methods Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into control group,burned model group,single short-term LLLT group,single long-term LLLT group and the repeated short-term LLLT group,with 10 rats in each group.After burning the rats in the single short-term LLLT group,the single long-term LLLT group and the repeated short-term LLLT group were treated by low-intensity LED irradiation (640 nm) for 5 min once a day,15 min once a day and 5 min three times a day,respectively.The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 and the leukocyte count in caudal vein were determined at 1 day before modeling,immediately after modeling and on the 1st,3rd,7th and 14th day after modeling;and the wound area was measured on the 3rd,7th and 14th day after modeling.The wound healing rate was calculated.Results Compared with the control group,the serum TNF-α levels in the burned model and single short-term LLLT groups were significantly increased on the 1st day after modeling (P＜0.05),and the serum TNF-α levels in the single long-term LLLT group on the Pt day and the repeated short-term LLIT group on the 7th day were significantly increased (P＜0.05);the serum IL-1β levels were significantly decreased on the 1st day after modeling in all groups (P＜0.05),and then gradually recovered with the varied recovery rates;the serum IL-6 levels in the burned model and the repeated short-term LLLT groups were significantly increased on the 1st day after modeling (P＜0.05),then decreased;and the decrease of the burned model group was greater than that of the repeated short-term LLLT group.While the serum IL-6 level was increased on the 3rd day in the single short-term LLLT group,then decreased;and the level was significantly increased in the single long-term LLLT group (P＜0.05).Leukocyte counts of the burned model and the single long-term LLLT groups were significantly increased on the 1st day after modeling (P＜0.05),and it had no significant change in the other groups.The wound healing rate in the single short-term LLLT group,the single long-term LLLT group and the repeated short-term LLLT group was significantly higherthan that in the burned model group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Systemic LLLT use can reduce the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 and leukocyte count in caudal vein of the severe burning rats and promote wound healing,with the effects varied with different irradiation modes.
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Objective To study the effects of community comprehensive intervention model on osteoporosis, in order to provides a reference for osteoporosis health education work. Methods A multistage stratified random cluster sampling was applied to conduct a survey in Jiangsu province, in accordance with the economic level and geographic location. Nanjing, Nantong and Xuzhou cities were sampled, three urban streets were sampled in every district , respectively. A total of 1 500 40-69 years old community residents were screened, 619 high-risk participants for osteoporosis were arranged into the intervention group, and a total of 590 residents from the same communities were chosen as control group, who were gender- and age-matched with the intervention group. The intervention group residents received health management and comprehensive intervention, after half a year, a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the effects. Results Compared with control group, after six months, knowledge of intervention group related to osteoporosis awareness was improved significantly, such as the most serious harm to human body for osteoporosis (χ2=24.27), characteristic of osteoporosis (χ2=11.05), basic supplements to improve bone health (χ2=60.65) , the recommended daily calcium intake to postmenopausal women and the elderly (χ2=26.80), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); daily behavior related to diet and exercise of intervention group has improved significantly, such as drinking milk or itsproducts less than 3 days a week (χ2=25.83), eating beans and products for less than 3 days a week (χ2=19.20), drinking coffee for more than three days a week (χ2=7.77), not often taking outdoor activities (χ2=18.55) ,(P<0.05);Diseases and symptoms related to osteoporosis in intervention group was significantly reduced (P<0.001). Conclusions The osteoporosis is one of the most important public health problem for Jiangsu province, the work for osteoporosis prevention and control should be emphasized in community.